Aug 30, 2023 · Mariska Hargitay, in full Mariska Magdolna Hargitay, (born January 23, 1964, Santa Monica, California, U.S.), American actor best known for conveying empathy, warmth, and passion in her role as the police detective and, eventually, captain Olivia Benson in the long-running TV show Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, or SVU (1999– ). Christopher Meloni and Mariska Hargitay have an undeniable chemistry. While Law & Order: SVU has been full of many riveting storylines, part of its initial appeal was the strong rapport between ...Meet Mariska Hargitay and Peter Hermann's 3 Kids: August, Amaya, and Andrew. Despite the fact that Mariska Hargitay spends her time fighting crime on screen as Detective Olivia Benson in "Law and ...Mariska Hargitay. On 23-1-1964 Mariska Hargitay was born in Santa Monica, California. She made her 45 million dollar fortune with Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Leaving Las Vegas & Lake Placid. The actress is married to Peter Hermann, her starsign is Aquarius and she is now 59 years of age.May 20, 2021 · Mariska Hargitay is still standing after sustaining multiple leg injuries.. The "Law & Order: SVU" star, who recently reunited with her longtime co-star Christopher Meloni on the set of his new ... There are a few tells that Mariska Hargitay of Law & Order: SVU is behind The Caterpillar on The Masked Singer. First, the sole clue of “Taylor Swift” implies that the character has a tie to ...He and Mansfield continued performing together in a revue, appeared on the cover of Life magazine together, and had three children, Miklós, also known as Mickey Jr., Zoltan, and Mariska. Mariska Hargitay is an award-winning actress who as of this writing holds the record for "the longest serving actress in the same role in the history of ...Mariska Hargitay, born Mariska Magdolna Hargitay, is a celebrated multi-talented 59 years old American actress known for her larger-than-life talents. Born on January 23, 1964, as an Aquarian, Hargitay is full of kindness, passion, and enthusiasm!May 5, 2014 · Mariska Hargitay posted a split photo on Instagram showing exactly how similar she looks to her late mother, actress Jayne Mansfield. The Law and Order: SVU star didn't add a caption to the pic ... Mariska Hargitay, born on January 23, 1964, is an actress who has captivated audiences around the world with her compelling performances and unwavering dedication to her craft. Best known for her role as Detective Olivia Benson in the long-running television series “Law & Order: Special Victims Unit” (SVU), Hargitay has become a household ...Mariska Magdolna Hargitay [1] ( / məˈrɪʃkə ˈhɑːrɡɪteɪ /; [2] born January 23, 1964) [3] [4] is an American actress, director, producer and philanthropist. The daughter of bodybuilder and actor Mickey Hargitay and actress Jayne Mansfield, her accolades include a Golden Globe Award, two People's Choice Awards and a Primetime Emmy Award . Lindsay Lowe. Mariska Hargitay doesn’t often share pictures of her entire family on social media, but she made an exception for Father’s Day! The “Law & Order: SVU” star, 58, shared a sweet Instagram pic of her husband, “Younger” actor Peter Hermann, embracing her and their children on top of a mountain in Italy. “Happy Father’s ...Mariska Hargitay’s husband, Peter Hermann, is also an actor, who has starred in shows like Sex and the City, All My Children, 30 Rock, The Good Wife and Elementary. He was a main cast member on ...Mariska Hargitay mother. Mariska Hargitay mom was a major Hollywood actress, model and singer. Vera Jayne Palmer, better known as Jayne Mansfield, was born on April 19, 1933. She began her acting career in Southern Methodist University and the University of Texas in Austin.Parents: Mickey Hargitay and Mary Birge. Tina is Mariska’s half-sister and her eldest sibling. Tina is the daughter of Mariska’s father, Mickey Hargitay, and his first wife, Mary Birge. The ...Mariska Hargitay. Wall, Mean, Thinking. 71 Copy quote. It's a life's journey of finding ourselves, finding our power, and living for yourself, not for everyone else. Mariska Hargitay. Healing, Journey, Life Journey. 60 Copy quote. I don't have to be an expert. I just have to care.Mariska Hargitay’s husband, Peter Hermann, is also an actor, who has starred in shows like Sex and the City, All My Children, 30 Rock, The Good Wife and Elementary. He was a main cast member on ...Mariska Hargitay was in the 1967 car accident that tragically killed her mother, '50s- and '60s-era blonde bombshell Jayne Mansfield, as well as the 19-year-old driver, Ronald B. Harrison, and Mansfield's lawyer and then-boyfriend, Samuel S. Brody. So were Mansfield's other two children from her marriage to ex-husband and former Mr. Universe ...Mariska Hargitay mother. Mariska Hargitay mom was a major Hollywood actress, model and singer. Vera Jayne Palmer, better known as Jayne Mansfield, was born on April 19, 1933. She began her acting career in Southern Methodist University and the University of Texas in Austin.Mariska Hargitay was in the 1967 car accident that tragically killed her mother, '50s- and '60s-era blonde bombshell Jayne Mansfield, as well as the 19-year-old driver, Ronald B. Harrison, and Mansfield's lawyer and then-boyfriend, Samuel S. Brody. So were Mansfield's other two children from her marriage to ex-husband and former Mr. Universe ...Mariska's salary has changed quite a bit over the years, so let's break it down. Between seasons 1-10, Mariska was making $375,000 to $385,000 per episode, according to Celebrity Net Worth .See Mariska Hargitay full list of movies and tv shows from their career. Find where to watch Mariska Hargitay's latest movies and tv shows Mariska Hargitay's husband, Peter Hermann, grew up in Germany. Although Hermann was born in New York City, his family moved back to their home country of Germany when he was only two months old ...Mariska Hargitay (half-sister) Jayne Marie Mansfield (born November 8, 1950) is an American actress and model. She is the first child and eldest daughter of 1950s Hollywood sex symbol and Playboy Playmate Jayne Mansfield and Mansfield's ex-husband Paul. Mansfield is also the elder half-sister of actress Mariska Hargitay. Mariska Hargitay’s husband, Peter Hermann, is also an actor, who has starred in shows like Sex and the City, All My Children, 30 Rock, The Good Wife and Elementary. He was a main cast member on ...Weight. 65 kg. Date of Birth. January 23, 1964. Zodiac Sign. Aquarius. Eye Color. Dark Brown. Mariska Hargitay is an American actor, voice artist, director, producer, and philanthropist who made her film debut in the 1985 horror-comedy film Ghoulies.Apr 21, 2020 · Christopher Meloni and Mariska Hargitay have an undeniable chemistry. While Law & Order: SVU has been full of many riveting storylines, part of its initial appeal was the strong rapport between ... Mariska Hargitay (half-sister) Jayne Marie Mansfield (born November 8, 1950) is an American actress and model. She is the first child and eldest daughter of 1950s Hollywood sex symbol and Playboy Playmate Jayne Mansfield and Mansfield's ex-husband Paul. Mansfield is also the elder half-sister of actress Mariska Hargitay.ACTRESS Mariska Hargitay is widely recognized for her role as Olivia Benson on the NBC drama series Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. Hargitay has received several accolades for her work as Olivia Benson, including a Primetime Emmy and a Golden Globe Award.The cast of “Law & Order: SVU” in Season 6 (clockwise from top center): Richard Belzer, Diane Neal, Dann Florek, B.D. Wong, Mariska Hargitay, Christopher Meloni and Ice-T NBCSignature. Mickey Hargitay (January 6, 1926 – September 14, 2006), born Miklós Karoly Hargitay, was a Hungarian-American [1] actor and the 1955 Mr. Universe. Born in Budapest, Hargitay moved to the United States in 1947 and eventually became a U.S. citizen. [2] He was married to actress Jayne Mansfield and is the father of actress Mariska ... Eddie Hargitay. Actor: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. Hargitay is an American actor, born in Hollywood, California to first generation immigrants. His mother, Thai-Chinese and raised in Vietnam, and his father, Hungarian, met in an "English as a second language" class. Eddie is a Lifetime Member of The Actors Studio and graduate of The Lee Strasberg Film & Theatre Institute, where he was ...Actress Mariska Hargitay and actor/rapper Ice-T attend the 7th Directors Guild of America Honors at the DGA Theater on October 16, 2008 in New York City. (Photo by Neilson Barnard/Getty Images)Mar 29, 2018 · Mariska Hargitay was in the 1967 car accident that tragically killed her mother, '50s- and '60s-era blonde bombshell Jayne Mansfield, as well as the 19-year-old driver, Ronald B. Harrison, and Mansfield's lawyer and then-boyfriend, Samuel S. Brody. So were Mansfield's other two children from her marriage to ex-husband and former Mr. Universe ... Mariska Hargitay was born to Hollywood royalty and has five siblings who also briefly followed in their famous parent's footsteps in the entertainment industry. Jayne Mansfield and Mickey Hargitay were once one of the hottest couples in Hollywood.Apr 11, 2021 · Mariska Magdolna Hargitay is an actress from the United States. Hargitay made her film debut in the 1985 horror-comedy film Ghoulies. And her major television debut in the 1986 adventure drama series Downtown. May 19, 2021 · Mariska Hargitay is still standing after sustaining multiple leg injuries. The Law and Order: SVU star, who recently reunited with her longtime co-star Christopher Meloni on the set of his new ... Mariska Hargitay's famous mom died when she was really young. Jayne Mansfield was a huge star, per Biography, appearing "in an astonishing 2,500 newspaper photographs" from from September 1956 to ...Mariska Hargitay has been in relationships with Grant Show (1993) and Richard Anthony Crenna (1986 - 1988). Mariska Hargitay is rumoured to have hooked up with Maria Bello (1997). About. Mariska Hargitay is a 59 year old American Actress. Born Mariska Magdolna Hargitay on 23rd January, 1964 in Santa Monica, CA, USA, she is famous for Olivia ...Mariska's salary has changed quite a bit over the years, so let's break it down. Between seasons 1-10, Mariska was making $375,000 to $385,000 per episode, according to Celebrity Net Worth .May 5, 2014 · Mariska Hargitay posted a split photo on Instagram showing exactly how similar she looks to her late mother, actress Jayne Mansfield. The Law and Order: SVU star didn't add a caption to the pic ... Mariska Hargitay is one of the most recognizable faces in television, having starred as the gritty, commanding cop with heart, Olivia Benson, on NBC's hit series Law & Order: Special Victims Unit ...May 6, 2021 · Mariska Hargitay ’s father is actor and bodybuilder Mickey Hargitay. Mickey, whose real name is Miklós, was born in Budapest, Hungary, on January 6, 1926. He moved to the United States in 1947 ... Mariska Hargitay was born Mariska Magdolna Hargitay on 23rd January 1964 in Santa, Monica California, under the birth sign Aquarius. She was born to former-actress, Jayne Mansfield and former Mr. Universe, Mickey Hargitay, who is of Hungarian descent. Her nationality is American and her ethnicity is Caucasian. Hargitay grew up with two older ...Mariska Hargitay, born on January 23, 1964, is an actress who has captivated audiences around the world with her compelling performances and unwavering dedication to her craft. Best known for her role as Detective Olivia Benson in the long-running television series “Law & Order: Special Victims Unit” (SVU), Hargitay has become a household ...Mariska Hargitay Can Thank 'Law & Order' for Her Career, Husband and Adorable Family. 'Law & Order: SVU' star Mariska Hargitay met her husband, Peter Hermann when he guest-starred on the show. Here is everything you need to know about the couple and their three kids! By Katherine Stinson. Sep. 23 2021, Published 6:34 p.m. ET. Source: getty Images.There are a few tells that Mariska Hargitay of Law & Order: SVU is behind The Caterpillar on The Masked Singer. First, the sole clue of “Taylor Swift” implies that the character has a tie to ...Who is Mariska Hargitay’s husband? Hermann is a 53-year-old actor who was born in New York City and raised in Germany for the first 10 years of his life before returning to the U.S., learning ...Apr 9, 2023 · Mariska Hargitay is probably best known for her ‘Law & Order: Special Victims Unit.’ Hargitay made an estimated $450,000 per episode. She is a proud owner of an amazing home in the Hamptons. Mariska Hargitay’s Home . Mariska Hargitay and her husband are the proud owners of a mansion in the Hamptons. Meet Mariska Hargitay's Eldest Son Who Is a Copy of His Famous Mom. By Monica Otayza. Jan 20, 2022 12:51 P.M. Mariska Hargitay welcomed her first child with fellow "Law & Order: SVU" co-star Peter Hermann in 2006. The birth of son August Miklos Friedrich Hermann was one of the best days of her life, and her now-grown-up son is her very own copy.Mariska Hargitay comes from a prestigious acting and entertaining family and is just one of six accomplished siblings. Her father, Mickey Hargitay, was a professional bodybuilder, actor, and winner of the 1955 Mr. Universe.May 19, 2021 · Mariska Hargitay is still standing after sustaining multiple leg injuries. The Law and Order: SVU star, who recently reunited with her longtime co-star Christopher Meloni on the set of his new ... Oct 21, 2021 · Mariska Hargitay has a great gig going on at home. The 57-year-old Law & Order: SVU actress is the proud wife of Peter Hermann, an actor, producer, and writer. Mariska and Peter, 54, have been ... Mariska Hargitay is one of the most recognizable faces in television, having starred as the gritty, commanding cop with heart, Olivia Benson, on NBC's hit series Law & Order: Special Victims Unit ...Instagram. As noted by Outsider, Mariska Hargitay was just 3 years old when she was in a terrible car accident with her mother, Jayne Mansfield, along with her brothers, her mother's boyfriend, and the driver of the vehicle. While Hargitay and her brothers only suffered minor injuries, her mother and mother's boyfriend died along with the driver.Mariska Hargitay & Christopher Meloni's Best Reunions. The actress, who is married to "Younger" star Peter Hermann, has support from friends in the real world, too. On Tuesday, ...Meet Mariska Hargitay's Eldest Son Who Is a Copy of His Famous Mom. By Monica Otayza. Jan 20, 2022 12:51 P.M. Mariska Hargitay welcomed her first child with fellow "Law & Order: SVU" co-star Peter Hermann in 2006. The birth of son August Miklos Friedrich Hermann was one of the best days of her life, and her now-grown-up son is her very own copy.Mariska Hargitay suffered trauma at an early age when her mother, Hollywood starlet Jayne Mansfield, died in 1967. The “Law & Order: Special Victims Unit” star, 57, was only three years old ...Mariska Hargitay has a great gig going on at home. The 57-year-old Law & Order: SVU actress is the proud wife of Peter Hermann, an actor, producer, and writer. Mariska and Peter, 54, have been ...Apr 11, 2021 · Mariska Magdolna Hargitay is an actress from the United States. Hargitay made her film debut in the 1985 horror-comedy film Ghoulies. And her major television debut in the 1986 adventure drama series Downtown. Mickey Hargitay (January 6, 1926 – September 14, 2006), born Miklós Karoly Hargitay, was a Hungarian-American actor and the 1955 Mr. Universe. Born in Budapest, Hargitay moved to the United States in 1947 and eventually became a U.S. citizen. He was married to actress Jayne Mansfield and is the father of actress Mariska Hargitay.Superstar Mariska Hargitay is the daughter of Hollywood royalty, a successful actress and an impassioned activist, but her most important role is being a mom to her three kids. Alongside her ...Sep 23, 2021 · Mariska Hargitay Can Thank 'Law & Order' for Her Career, Husband and Adorable Family. 'Law & Order: SVU' star Mariska Hargitay met her husband, Peter Hermann when he guest-starred on the show. Here is everything you need to know about the couple and their three kids! By Katherine Stinson. Sep. 23 2021, Published 6:34 p.m. ET. Source: getty Images. After almost two years of dealing with a persisting medical issue, Mariska Hargitay is seemingly all better. In the summer of 2021, the Law and Order: SVU actress reportedly tripped and broke her ...See Mariska Hargitay full list of movies and tv shows from their career. Find where to watch Mariska Hargitay's latest movies and tv showsMay 4, 2023 · Mariska Hargitay is married to fellow actor Peter Hermann, who is best known for his roles in Younger, Law & Order: SVU and Blue Bloods. He was born in New York City in August 1967 to German parents, who moved Hermann back to Germany when he was two months old. The character, played by Mariska Hargitay, has become synonymous with the series. Benson has been at the SVU since Season 1, Episode 1, outlasting her partner Elliot Stabler ...Mariska Hargitay. . ( m. 2004) . Children. 3. Peter Hermann (born August 15, 1967) [1] is an American actor, producer and writer. He is the husband of Mariska Hargitay, with whom he has three children. He is best known for his roles as Charles Brooks in Younger, Trevor Langan in Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, and Jack Boyle in Blue Bloods .Nov 22, 2019 · Actress Mariska Hargitay and actor/rapper Ice-T attend the 7th Directors Guild of America Honors at the DGA Theater on October 16, 2008 in New York City. (Photo by Neilson Barnard/Getty Images) Meet Mariska Hargitay and Peter Hermann's 3 Kids: August, Amaya, and Andrew. Despite the fact that Mariska Hargitay spends her time fighting crime on screen as Detective Olivia Benson in "Law and ...Mar 28, 2018 · Mariska Hargitay was just 3 years old when Mansfield, her legendary screen siren mom, was killed in a car accident in 1967. Sitting down exclusively with PEOPLE in this week’s issue (on stands ... Mariska Hargitay is opening up about how she met her husband of 17 years, Peter Hermann. Hargitay, who stars in “Law & Order: SVU” with Hermann, chats with Drew Barrymore on Tuesday’s ...Meet Mariska Hargitay and Peter Hermann's 3 Kids: August, Amaya, and Andrew. Despite the fact that Mariska Hargitay spends her time fighting crime on screen as Detective Olivia Benson in "Law and ...Sep 22, 2022 · September 22, 2022 9:42 am. Image: Andy Kropa/Invision/AP. She may be Detective Olivia Benson to Law & Order fans, but to Mariska Hargitay ‘s kids, she’s just known as mom. Hargitay, who has ... Eddie Hargitay. Actor: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. Hargitay is an American actor, born in Hollywood, California to first generation immigrants. His mother, Thai-Chinese and raised in Vietnam, and his father, Hungarian, met in an "English as a second language" class. Eddie is a Lifetime Member of The Actors Studio and graduate of The Lee Strasberg Film & Theatre Institute, where he was ...Mariska Hargitay and Peter Hermann are celebrating 19 years of wedded bliss!. On Monday (August 28), the 59-year-old Law & Order: SVU actress took to social media to commemorate her 19th wedding ...Hargitay is the daughter of not one but two powerhouse performers; the late Jayne Mansfield, one of the notable "bombshells" of the '60s, and Mickey Hargitay, the 1955 Mr. Universe.After they divorced, her mother married Mickey Hargitay and had three more children — including Mariska, making Jayne Marie the older half-sister to the iconic TV actress.Jan 27, 2023 · Did Mariska Hargitay and Christopher Meloni Ever Date? The acting duo started playing Olivia Benson and Elliot Stabler on Law & Order: SVU when the show premiered in September 1999. After 13 ... Tina is Mariska’s half-sister and her eldest sibling. Tina is the daughter of Mariska’s father, Mickey Hargitay, and his first wife, Mary Birge. The couple was married from 1948 to 1956. Though not much is known about Tina, she and Mariska remain close. Tina was among several of the Law & Order star ’s siblings who attended a ceremony for ...Mariska Hargitay was born January 23, 1964, after the actual divorce but before California ruled it valid. Mansfield sued to get the Juarez divorce declared legal after Mariska was born, and the divorce was recognized on August 26, 1964. Jan 17, 2019 · Mariska Hargitay was in the 1967 car accident that tragically killed her mother, '50s- and '60s-era blonde bombshell Jayne Mansfield, as well as the 19-year-old driver, Ronald B. Harrison, and ... He and Mansfield continued performing together in a revue, appeared on the cover of Life magazine together, and had three children, Miklós, also known as Mickey Jr., Zoltan, and Mariska. Mariska Hargitay is an award-winning actress who as of this writing holds the record for "the longest serving actress in the same role in the history of ...1. Mariska Hargitay is the founder of the Joyful Heart Foundation. Hargitay's role in SVU sparked her passion for helping sexual assault survivors off camera, leading her to establish the...Mariska Hargitay has a great gig going on at home. The 57-year-old Law & Order: SVU actress is the proud wife of Peter Hermann, an actor, producer, and writer. Mariska and Peter, 54, have been ...
See Mariska Hargitay full list of movies and tv shows from their career. Find where to watch Mariska Hargitay's latest movies and tv shows. What time domino
Mariska Hargitay's famous mom died when she was really young. Jayne Mansfield was a huge star, per Biography, appearing "in an astonishing 2,500 newspaper photographs" from from September 1956 to ...Who is Mariska Hargitay’s husband? Hermann is a 53-year-old actor who was born in New York City and raised in Germany for the first 10 years of his life before returning to the U.S., learning ...Mariska Hargitay’s Kids: Meet Her 3 Children She Shares With Husband Peter Hermann Mariska Hargitay is a proud mom to three children, two of whom are adopted. Find out more about Mariska and ...Sep 4, 2023 · Mariska Hargitay and Peter Hermann are celebrating 19 years of wedded bliss!. On Monday (August 28), the 59-year-old Law & Order: SVU actress took to social media to commemorate her 19th wedding ... Mariska Magdolna Hargitay [1] ( / məˈrɪʃkə ˈhɑːrɡɪteɪ /; [2] born January 23, 1964) [3] [4] is an American actress, director, producer and philanthropist. The daughter of bodybuilder and actor Mickey Hargitay and actress Jayne Mansfield, her accolades include a Golden Globe Award, two People's Choice Awards and a Primetime Emmy Award . Mariska Hargitay (half-sister) Jayne Marie Mansfield (born November 8, 1950) is an American actress and model. She is the first child and eldest daughter of 1950s Hollywood sex symbol and Playboy Playmate Jayne Mansfield and Mansfield's ex-husband Paul. Mansfield is also the elder half-sister of actress Mariska Hargitay. Did Mariska Hargitay and Christopher Meloni Ever Date?. The acting duo started playing Olivia Benson and Elliot Stabler on Law & Order: SVU when the show premiered in September 1999. After 13 ...Aug 19, 2020 · Mariska Hargitay of Law and Order: SVU has been married to Younger 's Peter Hermann for over 15 years. The long-lasting celebrity couple met on the set of Law and Order: SVU during the show's second season. Today, they have three children: Amaya Josephine, 9; Andrew Nicolas, 9, and August Miklos, 14. 1. Mariska Hargitay is the founder of the Joyful Heart Foundation. Hargitay's role in SVU sparked her passion for helping sexual assault survivors off camera, leading her to establish the...Left to right are Jayne Marie Mansfield, 15, Zoltan Hargitay, 5, Mickey Hargitay Jr., 6, unidentified hospital attendant, Jayne holding baby Anthony, and husband Matt Cimber with Mariska Hargitay ...Oct 21, 2021 · Mariska Hargitay has a great gig going on at home. The 57-year-old Law & Order: SVU actress is the proud wife of Peter Hermann, an actor, producer, and writer. Mariska and Peter, 54, have been ... Nov 5, 2021 · Mariska Hargitay suffered trauma at an early age when her mother, Hollywood starlet Jayne Mansfield, died in 1967. The “Law & Order: Special Victims Unit” star, 57, was only three years old ... Did Mariska Hargitay and Christopher Meloni Ever Date? The acting duo started playing Olivia Benson and Elliot Stabler on Law & Order: SVU when the show premiered in September 1999. After 13 ...Mariska Hargitay was born January 23, 1964, after the actual divorce but before California ruled it valid. Mansfield sued to get the Juarez divorce declared legal after Mariska was born, and the divorce was recognized on August 26, 1964.May 15, 2022 · Tina is Mariska’s half-sister and her eldest sibling. Tina is the daughter of Mariska’s father, Mickey Hargitay, and his first wife, Mary Birge. The couple was married from 1948 to 1956. Though not much is known about Tina, she and Mariska remain close. Tina was among several of the Law & Order star ’s siblings who attended a ceremony for ... Mariska Magdolna Hargitay (/ m ə ˈ r ɪ ʃ k ə ˈ h ɑːr ɡ ɪ t eɪ /; born January 23, 1964) is an American actress, director, producer and philanthropist. The daughter of bodybuilder and actor Mickey Hargitay and actress Jayne Mansfield , her accolades include a Golden Globe Award , two People's Choice Awards and a Primetime Emmy Award .Mariska Hargitay has been in relationships with Grant Show (1993) and Richard Anthony Crenna (1986 - 1988). Mariska Hargitay is rumoured to have hooked up with Maria Bello (1997). About. Mariska Hargitay is a 59 year old American Actress. Born Mariska Magdolna Hargitay on 23rd January, 1964 in Santa Monica, CA, USA, she is famous for Olivia ....